
If you were traversing the ancient Tethys ocean some 115 million years ago and encountered gigantic lamniform sharks, you’d most definitely need a bigger boat.
Lamniformes, an order of sharks that includes the great white of Jaws infamy, evolved around 135 million years ago and may have begun as wee, shallow water-dwelling creatures—around 3 feet long. But over time, they evolved into massive, fearsome fish that ruled the world’s oceans, for example the extinct megalodon that might have surpassed 50 feet long.
Previous evidence suggested that lamniformes swelled in size to hit the top of the marine food chain around 100 million years ago. Now, fossilized vertebrae found in Australia push this timeline back some 15 million years. These vertebrae appear to have belonged to a type of lamniform called a cardabiodontid, a hefty mega-predatory shark that swam among huge marine reptile neighbors such as plesiosaurs and ichthyosaurs while dinosaurs roamed land.
This ancient ocean beast weighed more than 3 tons and measured between around 20 and 26 feet long, scientists reported in Communications Biology. According to statistical analysis of data from almost 2,000 modern sharks, the authors suggest that this ancient shark ballooned in size relatively early in its evolutionary history, about 20 million years after lamniformes emerged.
“This discovery changes the timeline for when sharks started getting really big,” said study author Mikael Siversson, a paleontologist at the Western Australian Museum, in a statement. “It turns out, they evolved a giant body size much earlier than we originally thought and were already top predators in shallow seas.”
Read more: “You’re Going to Need a Bigger Light”
The cardabiodontid vertebrae were discovered at a dig site called the Darwin Formation in northern Australia, which was once part of a shallow shelf bordering the Tethys ocean that sat between modern-day Australia and Europe. The same site has also revealed ancient marine reptiles, ray-finned fish, and other types of sharks.
The shark fossils were a rare find: Their skeletons are made of rubbery cartilage and don’t tend to stick around, so most known shark remnants are teeth. But these vertebrae were partially mineralized, keeping them relatively well preserved over the millennia.
Overall, the recent cardabiodontid findings reveal “a lot about how ancient food webs worked” Siversson said, and show “just how important Australia’s fossil sites are for understanding prehistoric life.”
Enjoying Nautilus? Subscribe to our free newsletter.
Lead image: Polyanna von Knorring, Swedish Museum of Natural History
This story was originally featured on Nautilus.
LATEST POSTS
- 1
These Cities Led Global Jet-Setting In 2025, According To New Data - 2
Rick Steves' Favorite Time To Visit Spain Has Lower Prices And Fewer Crowds - 3
How effective is the flu shot this year? New report shows promising results - 4
Poll: Most are satisfied with their health insurance, but a quarter report denials or delays - 5
Manual for Tracking down One of a kind Store Inns
Civilian toll mounts in Iran as war presses on
NASA probe captures stunning photos of Earth and moon on the way to infamous asteroid Apophis
NASA is sending astronauts back to the moon. Can you see the Artemis 4 landing sites from Earth?
China's 1st reusable rocket explodes in dramatic fireball during landing after reaching orbit on debut flight
Step by step instructions to Think about Disc Rates Across Various Banks
Virtual reality opens doors for older people to build closer connections in real life
NASA's Artemis 2 astronauts are cruising to the moon. So why are they doing CPR tests today?
Artemis II shares new lunar images while more than halfway to the moon
NASA Artemis II tracker: Crew less than 60,000 miles from moon ahead of Monday flyby













